Artificial Intelligence in Modern English Language Education: A Comprehensive Review of Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has experienced a massive transformation in the last few years and this has also had an impact on the teaching and learning of the English language in a variety of ways. It provides a detailed look at the application of AI in ELL in the last several years and highlights opportunities and challenges. The review is a compilation of information relating to AI based learning environments, intelligent tutoring systems, automated feedback, adaptive learning technologies and AI enabled applications. The findings indicate that AI has the potential to enhance personalized learning, engagement, timely feedback, accessibility and autonomy of learning. But there are some significant concerns to be made, such as academic integrity, instructor preparation, algorithm bias, digital inequality, privacy of information and the authenticity of AI created content. The review emphasizes the role of pedagogical strategies, ethical governance, and institutional backing, alongside technological competence, in ensuring the effectiveness of using AI in education. Ultimately, it believes that AI is a supplementary element to teaching, which should run alongside rather than in place of, teachers. The review aims to provide a practical perspective for educators, researchers, and policy makers, emphasizing the practical application of AI in the field of English language teaching and learning and its ethical and sustainable implications.